Products related to Centralization:
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Local Politics in Jordan and Morocco : Strategies of Centralization and Decentralization
In recent years, authoritarian states in the Middle East and North Africa have faced increasing international pressure to decentralize political power.Decentralization is presented as a panacea that will foster good governance and civil society, helping citizens procure basic services and fight corruption.Two of these states, Jordan and Morocco, are monarchies with elected parliaments and recent experiences of liberalization.Morocco began devolving certain responsibilities to municipal councils decades ago, while Jordan has consistently followed a path of greater centralization.Their experiences test such assumptions about the benefits of localism. Janine A. Clark examines why Morocco decentralized while Jordan did not and evaluates the impact of their divergent paths, ultimately explaining how authoritarian regimes can use decentralization reforms to consolidate power.Local Politics in Jordan and Morocco argues that decentralization is a tactic authoritarian regimes employ based on their coalition strategies to expand their base of support and strengthen patron-client ties.Clark analyzes the opportunities that decentralization presents to local actors to pursue their interests and lays out how municipal-level figures find ways to use reforms to their advantage.In Morocco, decentralization has resulted not in greater political inclusivity or improved services, but rather in the entrenchment of pro-regime elites in power.The main Islamist political party has also taken advantage of these reforms.In Jordan, decentralization would undermine the networks that benefit elites and their supporters.Based on extensive fieldwork, Local Politics in Jordan and Morocco is an important contribution to Middle East studies and political science that challenges our understanding of authoritarian regimes’ survival strategies and resilience.
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Casino Gambling For Dummies
Maximize your odds on the casino floor Casinos are designed for distraction, so it helps to know a bit about when the odds are in your favor and when they’re not before you push a stack of chips onto a table.Professional blackjack player Kevin Blackwood and lifelong sports bettor Swain Scheps know a thing or two about casino gambling.In Casino Gambling For Dummies, these seasoned gaming veterans guide you through the essential strategies for walking out of the casino ahead of the game.They also show you the most common mistakes made by players, helping you avoid gambling risks while you enjoy what the gaming industry has to offer. Learn to see past the flashing lights, decide how much you’re willing to wager, and find out how to enjoy yourself.In this book, you’ll also discover: Step-by-step walkthroughs of casino etiquette and the rules of common casino games, including poker and blackjackExplanations of video poker and slots and ways to avoid losing more than you’re comfortable withExplorations of online gambling, so you can enjoy the fun of a casino from the comfort of your home The perfect guide for anyone looking for an easy introduction to the world of casino gaming, Casino Gambling For Dummies is also an essential resource for those seeking to improve their odds at blackjack, craps, video poker, slots, and other games.
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Luck, Leisure, and the Casino in Nineteenth-Century Europe : A Cultural History of Gambling
Gambling was central to the cultural, social, and intellectual history of nineteenth-century Europe.By tracing the evolution of gambling and investigating the spatial qualities of the casino, this book reveals how Europeans used gambling to understand their changing world.The development of resorts and the architectural qualities of casinos demonstrate how new leisure practices, combined with revolutions in transportation and communication, fashioned resort gambling in the Rhineland and Riviera.Jared Poley explores the importance of casino gambling in people's lives, probing how gambling and fate intersected.The casino impacted understandings of the body, excited emotions, and drove the 'psychology' of the gambler, as well as affecting ideas about probability, chance, and luck.Ultimately, this book addresses the fundamental question of what gambling was for, and how it opened up opportunities to understand theories about aggression, play, and human development.
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50pcs Black Eyelash Aftercare Card Beauty Studio Membership Loyalty Cards Lash Extension After Sale
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What is the difference between centralization and decentralization?
Centralization refers to the concentration of decision-making authority at the top levels of an organization, where key decisions are made by a few individuals or a single entity. On the other hand, decentralization involves the distribution of decision-making power to lower levels of an organization, allowing for more autonomy and flexibility in decision-making. Centralization can lead to quicker decision-making and consistency in operations, while decentralization can promote innovation, employee empowerment, and quicker responses to local issues.
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How is the loyalty bonus calculated?
The loyalty bonus is typically calculated based on the length of time a customer has been with a company or the frequency of their purchases. For example, a company may offer a 5% bonus for customers who have been with them for over a year, and a 10% bonus for customers who have been with them for over five years. Alternatively, the bonus may be based on the total amount spent by the customer over a certain period, with higher spending resulting in a higher bonus percentage. Ultimately, the loyalty bonus is a way for companies to reward and incentivize long-term and loyal customers.
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When do Vattenfall customers receive their loyalty bonus?
Vattenfall customers receive their loyalty bonus after being with the company for 12 months. This bonus is a reward for their continued loyalty and is typically applied to their account automatically. The loyalty bonus is a way for Vattenfall to show appreciation to their long-term customers and encourage them to stay with the company.
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What are the rewards in the online casino of GTA 5?
In the online casino of GTA 5, players can earn various rewards such as money, chips, and exclusive in-game items. By participating in casino games and activities, players have the chance to win big payouts and accumulate wealth in the game. Additionally, the casino offers special bonuses and rewards for completing missions and challenges, which can enhance the overall gaming experience. These rewards can be used to purchase luxury items, properties, and vehicles within the game.
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50pcs Black Eyelash Aftercare Card Beauty Studio Membership Loyalty Cards Lash Extension After Sale
50pcs Black Eyelash Aftercare Card Beauty Studio Membership Loyalty Cards Lash Extension After Sale
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50pcs Black Eyelash Aftercare Card Beauty Studio Membership Loyalty Cards Lash Extension After Sale
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Just Rewards
The conclusion to the extraordinary tale of Emma Harte, the original Woman of Substance, and the powerful Harte clan… Love, passion, duty and honour collide as the members of this extraordinary dynasty try to protect their family name at all costs. Linnet O'Neill, heir apparent to Emma Harte and all she created, is determined to bring the Harte empire into the twenty-first century.But she and her mother Paula, head of the dynasty, lock horns.When Paula falls dangerously ill, Linnet is suddenly alone at the helm, just as her great-grandmother Emma once was. Linnet finds herself following in the footsteps of the original woman of substance as she battles to save what Emma created – upsetting her sister Tessa, who believes herself to be the rightful heir, in the process. Meanwhile, Emma's American great-granddaughter Evan faces her own headache.Her adopted sister Angharad is making trouble in the family, latching on to Jonathan Ainsley – deadly enemy of the Hartes – and so putting them all in danger. And when grief and heartbreak strike the family, all of Emma's great-granddaughters are tested to the limit as the extraordinary story of the Harte family takes another astonishing turn …
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Gambling : 420
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How can one stop gambling addiction and avoid the casino?
One way to stop gambling addiction is to seek professional help through therapy or support groups. It is also important to identify triggers that lead to gambling and find healthier ways to cope with stress or boredom. Avoiding the casino altogether can be achieved by setting strict boundaries, such as self-excluding from casinos or blocking online gambling sites. Developing new hobbies and activities that do not involve gambling can also help in avoiding the temptation to gamble.
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What is the loyalty bonus for long-term Telekom mobile customers?
The loyalty bonus for long-term Telekom mobile customers is a discount on their monthly mobile phone bill. This discount increases the longer the customer stays with Telekom, rewarding their loyalty. It is a way for Telekom to show appreciation for customers who have been with them for an extended period of time.
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How can I withdraw the bonus from the online casino?
To withdraw the bonus from an online casino, you will need to meet the wagering requirements set by the casino. This means you will need to bet a certain amount of money before you can withdraw the bonus funds. Once you have met the wagering requirements, you can request a withdrawal through the casino's banking or cashier section. Make sure to check the terms and conditions of the bonus to understand the specific requirements for withdrawal.
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What is the membership for the GTA 5 Online Casino?
The membership for the GTA 5 Online Casino is free for all players. There are no additional fees or charges to access the casino and its features. Once players have access to the game, they can visit the casino and participate in various activities such as gambling, playing mini-games, and interacting with other players. The casino membership is included as part of the overall GTA 5 Online experience.
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